Social support perceived by elderly people in social vulnerability according to family functionality: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the social support as perceived by elderly persons in a context of social vulnerability according to family functionality. METHOD: A cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach, carried out in São Carlos-SP, with 123 elderly people living in a context of high social vulnerability. The sample was divided into two groups: good family functionality and moderate/severe family dysfunction. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, family functionality (Family APGAR) and social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale). The Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between social support and family functionality (p < 0.05). The group with good family functionality obtained higher median social support scores: affective 100.00; material 95.00; information 90.00; emotional 90.00; positive social interaction 85.00; when compared to the group with moderate/severe family dysfunction: affective 86.67; material 87.50; information 70.00; emotional 65.00; positive social interaction 65.00. CONCLUSION: Elderly persons living in dysfunctional families have less perceived social support when compared to those living in families with good family functionality.

Depressive symptoms and sleep in aged caregivers in a context of high social vulnerability.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers of elderly people, in a context of high social vulnerability. METHODS: A Cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 with 65 aged caregivers of elderly people that were treated in five Family Heath Units from São Carlos, São Paulo. Instruments to characterize the caregivers and to evaluate the depressive symptoms and sleep quality were used in data collection. The Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Correlation tests were adopted. RESULTS: 73.9% of the caregivers presented poor sleep quality and 69.2% did not have depressive symptoms. In the caregivers with severe depressive symptoms, the mean sleep quality score was 11.4; in those with mild depressive symptoms, it was 9.0; and in those without depressive symptoms, it was 6.4. There was a direct and moderate correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers.

Relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse em pessoas idosas da comunidade / Relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress in older people in the community

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar se existe relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse em pessoas idosas da comunidade. Métodos Estudo transversal, realizado com 116 idosas residentes em áreas de Unidades de Saúde da Família no município de São Carlos/SP. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica; Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh; Escala de Depressão Geriátrica e Escala de Estresse Percebido. Os testes estatísticos utilizados foram teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, Kruskall-Wallis, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão linear múltipla. Resultados Entre as idosas, 50% referiram ter boa qualidade do sono e 49,1% dormiam entre sete e nove horas de sono noturno. Quando comparadas, as idosas com maior duração do sono apresentaram mais sintomas depressivos e escores mais elevados para o estresse percebido. Conclusão O modelo com aplicação do método hierárquico aponta que existe relação entre duração do sono, sintomas depressivos e estresse.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify whether there is a relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress in elderly people in the community. Methods A cross-sectional study carried out with 116 older people living in areas of Family Health Units in the city of São Carlos/SP. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic characterization questionnaire; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Geriatric Depression Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. The statistical tests used were Pearson's chi-square test, Kruskall-Wallis, Mann-Whitney test and Multiple Linear Regression. Results 50% of the older people reported a good quality of sleep and 49.1% slept between seven and nine hours of sleep at night. When compared, older women with longer sleep duration had more depressive symptoms and higher scores for perceived stress. Conclusion The model with application of the hierarchical method points out that there is a relationship between sleep duration, depressive symptoms and stress.

Social support perceived by elderly people in social vulnerability according to family functionality: a cross-sectional study / Apoyo social percibido por personas mayores en situación de vulnerabilidad social según la funcionalidad familiar: un estudio transversal / Apoio social percebido por pessoas idosas em vulnerabilidade social segundo a funcionalidade familiar: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the social support as perceived by elderly persons in a context of social vulnerability according to family functionality. Method: A cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach, carried out in São Carlos-SP, with 123 elderly people living in a context of high social vulnerability. The sample was divided into two groups: good family functionality and moderate/severe family dysfunction. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, family functionality (Family APGAR) and social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale). The Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between social support and family functionality (p < 0.05). The group with good family functionality obtained higher median social support scores: affective 100.00; material 95.00; information 90.00; emotional 90.00; positive social interaction 85.00; when compared to the group with moderate/severe family dysfunction: affective 86.67; material 87.50; information 70.00; emotional 65.00; positive social interaction 65.00. Conclusion: Elderly persons living in dysfunctional families have less perceived social support when compared to those living in families with good family functionality.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar el apoyo social percibido por personas mayores en un contexto de vulnerabilidad social según la funcionalidad familiar. Método: Estudio transversal con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en São Carlos-SP, con 123 personas mayores residentes en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos: buena funcionalidad familiar y disfunción familiar moderada/severa. Se recogieron datos sobre características sociodemográficas, funcionalidad familiar (APGAR Familiar) y apoyo social (Escala de Apoyo Social del Medical Outcomes Study). Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y exacta de Fisher. Resultados: Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el apoyo social y la funcionalidad familiar (p<0,05). El grupo con buena funcionalidad familiar obtuvo puntuaciones medias de apoyo social más altas: afectivo 100,00; material 95,00; información 90,00; emocional 90,00; interacción social positiva 85,00; en comparación con el grupo con disfunción familiar moderada/grave: afectivo 86,67; material 87,50; información 70,00; emocional 65,00; interacción social positiva 65,00. Conclusión: Las personas mayores que viven en familias disfuncionales tienen menos apoyo social percibido, en comparación con los que viven en familias con buena funcionalidad familiar.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar o apoio social percebido por pessoas idosas em contexto de vulnerabilidade social segundo a funcionalidade familiar. Método: Estudo transversal de abordagem quantitativa, realizado em São Carlos-SP, com 123 idosos inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: boa funcionalidade familiar e disfunção familiar moderada/severa. Foram coletados dados de caracterização sociodemográfica, funcionalidade familiar (APGAR de Família) e apoio social (Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study). Foram utilizados os testes estatísticos Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre apoio social e funcionalidade familiar (p < 0,05). O grupo com boa funcionalidade familiar obteve maiores escores medianos de apoio social: afetivo 100,00; material 95,00; informação 90,00; emocional 90,00; interação social positiva 85,00; quando comparado ao grupo com disfunção familiar moderada/severa: afetivo 86,67; material 87,50; informação 70,00; emocional 65,00; interação social positiva 65,00. Conclusão: Pessoas idosas que vivem em famílias disfuncionais têm menos apoio social percebido quando comparadas àquelas que vivem em famílias com boa funcionalidade familiar.

Depressive symptoms and sleep in aged caregivers in a context of high social vulnerability / Síntomas depresivos y sueño de ancianos cuidadores inmersos en un contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social / Sintomas depressivos e sono de idosos cuidadores inseridos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers of elderly people, in a context of high social vulnerability. Methods: A Cross-sectional study conducted between July 2019 and March 2020 with 65 aged caregivers of elderly people that were treated in five Family Heath Units from São Carlos, São Paulo. Instruments to characterize the caregivers and to evaluate the depressive symptoms and sleep quality were used in data collection. The Kruskal Wallis and Spearman Correlation tests were adopted. Results: 73.9% of the caregivers presented poor sleep quality and 69.2% did not have depressive symptoms. In the caregivers with severe depressive symptoms, the mean sleep quality score was 11.4; in those with mild depressive symptoms, it was 9.0; and in those without depressive symptoms, it was 6.4. There was a direct and moderate correlation between sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: There is a relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality in aged caregivers.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre síntomas depresivos y calidad del sueño de ancianos cuidadores de ancianos en contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado de Julio/2019 a Marzo/2020 con 65 ancianos cuidadores de ancianos, atendidos por cinco Unidades de Salud de la Familia, en São Carlos, São Paulo. En la recopilación de datos se utilizaron instrumentos para caracterizar a los cuidadores, evaluar los síntomas depresivos y la calidad del sueño. Se adoptaron las pruebas de Kruskal Wallis y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: 73,9% de los cuidadores presentaron sueño de mala calidad y 69,2% no presentaron síntomas depresivos. En los cuidadores con síntomas depresivos graves, la puntuación media de la calidad del sueño fue de 11,4, en aquellos con síntomas depresivos leves fue de 9,0 y en aquellos sin síntomas depresivos fue de 6,4. Hubo una correlación directa y moderada entre la calidad del sueño y los síntomas depresivos. Conclusión: Existe una relación entre los síntomas depresivos y la calidad del sueño en ancianos cuidadores.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono de idosos cuidadores de idosos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado de julho/2019 a março/2020 com 65 idosos cuidadores de idosos, atendidos por cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família, em São Carlos, São Paulo. Instrumentos para caracterizar os cuidadores, avaliar os sintomas depressivos e a qualidade do sono foram usados na coleta de dados. Os testes Kruskal Wallis e Correlação de Spearman foram adotados. Resultados: 73,9% dos cuidadores apresentaram sono de má qualidade e 69,2% não apresentaram sintomas depressivos. Nos cuidadores com sintomas depressivos severos, o escore médio de qualidade do sono foi 11,4, nos com sintomas depressivos leves foi 9,0 e naqueles sem sintomas depressivos foi 6,4. Houve correlação direta e moderada entre qualidade do sono e sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: Existe relação entre sintomas depressivos e qualidade do sono em idosos cuidadores.

Frailty is associated with sociodemographic and health factors and related to the care context of older caregivers: a Brazilian cross-sectional study

Abstract BACKGROUND: The task of caring can arise suddenly without guidance or support, resulting in psychological tension and health impairment, which can culminate in the development of frailty. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between frailty and sociodemographic and health aspects related to the care context of older caregivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 older caregivers registered in family health units in the interior of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: The participants were interviewed individually using the following instruments: a characterization questionnaire, Fried's frailty phenotype, Zarit Burden's Interview, Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index, and Lawton Scale. In addition, the following statistical tests were applied: Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of 5% was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Women who took care of their spouses predominated without prior training or the help of other people. Most of the patients were pre-frail (72.3%). Frailty was significantly related to marital status (P = 0.016), depressive symptoms (P = 0.029), cognitive decline (P = 0.029), the degree of kinship (P = 0.015), and burden (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Older caregivers without a partner, with severe depressive symptoms and cognitive changes, who cared for their parents, and had higher levels of burden, presented a higher proportion of frailty.

Qualidade de vida e apoio social de pessoas idosas cuidadoras e receptoras de cuidado em alta vulnerabilidade social / Quality of life and social support of older adults caregivers and care recipients in high social vulnerability

Resumo Objetivo comparar a qualidade de vida e o apoio social entre pessoas idosas cuidadoras e receptoras de cuidado. Método estudo observacional, transversal e quantitativo, realizado com 112 pessoas idosas cadastradas em cinco Unidades de Saúde da Família em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social em um município do interior paulista, Brasil. Foram avaliadas variáveis sociodemográficas, de cuidado e de saúde, apoio social pela Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study e qualidade de vida pelo WHOQOL-bref e WHOQOL-old. Para a análise de dados foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mann-Whitney e correlação de Spearman. Resultados houve diferença significativa entre os participantes para apoio material (p=0,004) e domínio físico da escala de qualidade de vida (p=0,002). Pessoas idosas cuidadoras têm menores escores de apoio material e melhor percepção do domínio físico da escala de qualidade de vida quando comparadas às receptoras de cuidado. Ademais, observou-se correlação direta e moderada entre qualidade de vida e apoio social de pessoas idosas cuidadoras (p<0,001), ou seja, quanto maior a pontuação obtida na escala de apoio social, maior também será a pontuação na escala de qualidade de vida. Conclusão pessoas idosas cuidadoras apresentaram menores escores de apoio material e melhor percepção do domínio físico da escala de qualidade de vida em comparação às receptoras de cuidado. Ações relativas à ampliação da quantidade de relacionamentos significativos dos cuidadores pode ser útil para melhorar o apoio social, com consequente melhora dos demais aspectos envolvidos na qualidade de vida.

Abstract Objective to compare quality of life and social support between older adults caregivers and care recipients. Method observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study, carried out with 112 older adults registered in five Family Health Units in a context of high social vulnerability in a city in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil. Sociodemographic, care and health variables, social support by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale and quality of life by the WHOQOL-bref and WHOQOL-old were evaluated. For data analysis, Pearson's Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney and Spearman's Correlation tests were used. Results There was a significant difference between the participants for material support (p=0.004) and physical domain of the quality of life scale (p=0.002). Older adults caregivers have lower material support scores and better perception of the physical domain of the quality of life scale when compared to care recipients. Furthermore, there was a direct and moderate correlation between quality of life and social support of older adults (p<0.001), that is, the higher the score on the social support scale, the higher the score on the quality of life scale. Conclusion adults caregivers presented lower material support scores and better perception of the physical domain of the quality of life scale compared to care receptors. Actions related to expanding the amount of significant relationships of caregivers can be useful for improving social support, with consequent improvement of the other aspects involved in quality of life.

Frailty is associated with sociodemographic and health factors and related to the care context of older caregivers: a Brazilian cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The task of caring can arise suddenly without guidance or support, resulting in psychological tension and health impairment, which can culminate in the development of frailty. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between frailty and sociodemographic and health aspects related to the care context of older caregivers. DESIGN AND SETTING: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 older caregivers registered in family health units in the interior of the state of São Paulo. METHODS: The participants were interviewed individually using the following instruments: a characterization questionnaire, Fried's frailty phenotype, Zarit Burden's Interview, Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index, and Lawton Scale. In addition, the following statistical tests were applied: Pearson's chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney test. A significance level of 5% was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Women who took care of their spouses predominated without prior training or the help of other people. Most of the patients were pre-frail (72.3%). Frailty was significantly related to marital status (P = 0.016), depressive symptoms (P = 0.029), cognitive decline (P = 0.029), the degree of kinship (P = 0.015), and burden (P = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Older caregivers without a partner, with severe depressive symptoms and cognitive changes, who cared for their parents, and had higher levels of burden, presented a higher proportion of frailty.

Sono e funcionalidade familiar de idosos cuidadores em alta vulnerabilidade social: um estudo transversal / Sueño y funcionalidad familiar de ancianos cuidadores en alta vulnerabilidad social: un estudio transversal / Sleep and family functionality of older caregivers in high social vulnerability: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Objetivo analisar a relação entre qualidade do sono e funcionalidade familiar de idosos cuidadores de idosos em contexto de alta vulnerabilidade social. Método estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 65 idosos que cuidavam de idosos, no período de julho de 2019 a março de 2020, a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário de caracterização, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh para avaliar a qualidade do sono e APGAR de Família para avaliar a funcionalidade familiar. Os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fisher foram utilizados, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados a maioria dos idosos cuidadores era do sexo feminino, com média de 69,1±6,4 anos, casada, que cuidava do cônjuge, não possuía treinamento prévio tampouco ajuda de terceiros para cuidar. Cerca de 50,8% dos participantes referiram sono ruim e 66,2% apresentaram boa funcionalidade familiar, 16,9%, moderada disfunção e 16,9%, elevada disfunção familiar. Não houve relação estatisticamente significante entre os escores totais dos instrumentos sobre sono e funcionalidade familiar. Houve significância estatística apenas entre a funcionalidade familiar e outros distúrbios do sono causados por preocupação (p=0,019). Conclusão e implicações para a prática houve maior proporção de disfunção familiar entre idosos cuidadores que apresentavam distúrbios do sono em função de preocupação muito frequente quando comparados aos demais.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la relación entre la calidad del sueño y la funcionalidad familiar de los cuidadores de ancianos en un contexto de alta vulnerabilidad social. Método estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 65 ancianos que cuidaban de ancianos, de julio de 2019 a marzo de 2020, utilizando los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario de caracterización, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh para evaluar la calidad del sueño y APGAR de Familia para evaluar la funcionalidad familiar. Se utilizaron las pruebas de chi-cuadrado de Pearson y exacta de Fisher, con un nivel de significación del 5%. Resultados la mayoría de los cuidadores de ancianos fueron mujeres, con una edad promedio de 69,1 ± 6,4 años, casadas, que cuidaban de su cónyuge, no contaban con formación previa ni ayuda de otras personas para cuidarlos. Aproximadamente del 50,8% de los participantes informaron que no dormían bien y el 66,2% tenía una buena funcionalidad familiar, el 16,9% disfunción moderada y el 16,9% disfunción familiar alta. No hubo relación estadísticamente significativa entre las puntuaciones totales de los instrumentos sobre el sueño y la funcionalidad familiar. Solo hubo significación estadística entre la funcionalidad familiar y otros trastornos del sueño causados por la preocupación (p = 0,019). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica hubo una mayor proporción de disfunción familiar entre los cuidadores ancianos que tenían trastornos del sueño debido a una preocupación muy frecuente en comparación con los demás.

Abstract Objective to analyze the relationship between quality of sleep and family functioning of older caregivers in a context of high social vulnerability. Method a cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out with 65 older caregivers, in the period from July 2019 to March 2020, from the following instruments: characterization questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and Family APGAR to assess family functionality. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results most of the older caregivers were female, with a mean age of 69.1±6.4 years, married, caring for their spouse, with no previous training or help from third parties. About 50.8% of the participants reported bad sleep, and 66.2% had good family functioning, 16.9% moderate dysfunction, and 16.9% high family dysfunction. There was no statistically significant relationship between the total scores of the instruments on sleep and family functioning. There was statistical significance only between family functioning and other sleep disturbances caused by worry (p=0.019). Conclusion and implications for practice there was a higher proportion of family dysfunction among older caregivers who had sleep disturbances as a function of very frequent worrying compared to the others.

Duration of night sleep and cognitive performance of community older adults.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the relationship between the duration of self-reported night sleep and the cognitive performance of older adults. METHOD: the sample consisted of 156 older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHUs) in a city of São Paulo, divided into quartiles according to the duration of night sleep. Data collection was performed using a characterization questionnaire, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam - Revised (ACE-R) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS: the older adults obtained a mean of 61.94 points in ACE-R and 55.1% presented good sleep quality. Comparative analyses showed differences between the groups only in the cognitive domain of verbal fluency (p=0.018). The post-hoc analyses showed that older adults who slept more hours, a mean of 8.85 hours (Q1), had lower scores when compared to those who slept a mean of 6.11 hours (Q3) (p=0.004) and of 4.52 hours (Q4) (p=0.045). The adjusted model with application of the stepwise method showed a relationship between the independent variables of schooling and sleep duration and the domain verbal fluency. CONCLUSION: it is concluded that sleep duration is related to the verbal fluency cognitive domain.

Duration of night sleep and cognitive performance of community older adults / Duração do sono noturno e desempenho cognitivo de idosos da comunidade / Duración del sueño nocturno y desempeño cognitivo de adultos mayores de la comunidad

Objective: to analyze the relationship between the duration of self-reported night sleep and the cognitive performance of older adults. Method: the sample consisted of 156 older adults registered in Family Health Units (FHUs) in a city of São Paulo, divided into quartiles according to the duration of night sleep. Data collection was performed using a characterization questionnaire, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Exam - Revised (ACE-R) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive, comparative and correlational statistical analyses were performed. Results: the older adults obtained a mean of 61.94 points in ACE-R and 55.1% presented good sleep quality. Comparative analyses showed differences between the groups only in the cognitive domain of verbal fluency (p=0.018). The post-hoc analyses showed that older adults who slept more hours, a mean of 8.85 hours (Q1), had lower scores when compared to those who slept a mean of 6.11 hours (Q3) (p=0.004) and of 4.52 hours (Q4) (p=0.045). The adjusted model with application of the stepwise method showed a relationship between the independent variables of schooling and sleep duration and the domain verbal fluency. Conclusion: it is concluded that sleep duration is related to the verbal fluency cognitive domain.

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a duração do sono noturno autorrelatada e o desempenho cognitivo de idosos. Método: a amostra foi constituída por 156 idosos cadastrados em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) de um munícipio paulista divididos em quartis segundo a duração do sono noturno. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionário de caracterização, Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado (ACE-R) e Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Foram feitas análises estatísticas descritivas, comparativas e correlacionais. Resultados: os idosos obtiveram média de 61,94 pontos no ACE-R e 55,1% apresentavam boa qualidade de sono. As análises comparativas evidenciaram diferenças entre os grupos apenas no domínio cognitivo fluência verbal (p=0,018). As análises post-hoc apontaram que idosos que dormiam maior número de horas, em média 8,85 horas (Q1), tinham escores inferiores quando comparados aos idosos que dormiam em média 6,11 horas (Q3) (p=0,004) e 4,52 horas (Q4) (p=0,045). O modelo ajustado com aplicação do método stepwise apontou relação das variáveis independentes escolaridade e duração do sono com o domínio fluência verbal. Conclusão: conclui-se que a duração do sono tem relação com o domínio cognitivo fluência verbal.

Objetivo: analizar la relación entre la duración del sueño nocturno autoinformado y el rendimiento cognitivo de los adultos mayores. Método: la muestra estuvo conformada por 156 ancianos inscritos en Unidades de Salud de la Familia (USF) de una ciudad de São Paulo, divididos en cuartiles según la duración del sueño nocturno. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario de caracterización, el Examen cognitivo revisado de Addenbrooke (ACE-R) y el Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh (PSQI). Se realizaron análisis estadísticos descriptivos, comparativos y correlacionales. Resultados: los ancianos tuvieron una media de 61,94 puntos en el ACE-R y el 55,1% tuvo buena calidad del sueño. Los análisis comparativos mostraron diferencias entre los grupos solo en el dominio cognitivo de la fluidez verbal (p=0,018). Los análisis post-hoc mostraron que las personas mayores que durmieron más horas, en promedio 8,85 horas (Q1), tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en comparación con las personas mayores que durmieron en promedio 6,11 horas (Q3) (p=0,004) y 4,52 horas (Q4) (p=0,045). El modelo ajustado con la aplicación del método stepwise mostró una relación entre las variables independientes educación y duración del sueño con el dominio fluidez verbal. Conclusión: se concluye que la duración del sueño está relacionada con el dominio cognitivo de la fluidez verbal.

Is poor quality sleep present in older adults with worse social and health status? / Se presenta sueño de mala calidad en adultos mayores con peor nivel social y de salud? / Sono de má qualidade está presente em idosos com pior nível social e de saúde?

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the relationship among sleep and sociodemographic aspects, health, frailty, performance in activities of daily living, cognitive performance and depressive symptoms of older residents in the community. Method: a cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with 81 older adults residents in the area covered by a Family Health Unit in the city of São Carlos (SP), Brazil. Data collection occurred in 2019, through the application of the following instruments: questionnaire for socioeconomic and health characterization of the older adult, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Frailty Phenotype proposed by Linda Fried, Mini Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, Katz Index and Lawton Scale. Participants were divided into comparative groups according to sleep quality scores. Fisher's exact and Pearson's χ2 were used. A significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: 50.6% of the older adults had poor quality sleep (n=41), followed by 33.3% of older adults with good quality sleep (n=27) and 16.1% had sleep disorders (n=13). There was a relationship between sleep quality and sex (p=0.008), work status (p=0.001), self-assessment of health (p=0.013), falls (p=0.034), pain (p=0.012), frailty level (p=0.026) and the slow gait criterion (p<0.001). Conclusion: there was a higher prevalence of poor quality sleep and sleep disorders in older patients, who do not work outside the home, who evaluated their health as regular or poor, who suffered falls in the last year and who complained of pain, frailty and slow gait.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre sueño y aspectos sociodemográficos, salud, fragilidad, desempeño en actividades de la vida diaria, desempeño cognitivo y síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores residentes en comunidad. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con 81 adultos mayores residentes en el área de cobertura de una Unidad de Salud de la Familia en la ciudad de São Carlos (SP), Brasil. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en 2019, mediante la aplicación de los siguientes instrumentos: cuestionario para la caracterización socioeconómica y de salud del adulto mayor, Índice de Calidad del Sueño de Pittsburgh, Fenotipo de Fragilidad propuesto por Linda Fried, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Escala de Depresión Geriatríca, Índice de Katz y Escala de Lawton. Los participantes se dividieron en grupos comparativos según las puntuaciones de calidad del sueño. Se utilizaron la exacta de Fisher y la χ2 de Pearson. Se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: el 50,6% de los adultos mayores tenía mala calidad del sueño (n=41), seguido por el 33,3% de los ancianos con buena calidad de sueño (n=27) y el 16,1% con trastornos del sueño (n=13). Hubo relación entre la calidad del sueño y el género (p=0,008), situación laboral (p=0,001), salud autoevaluada (p=0,013), caída (p=0,034), dolor (p=0,012), nivel de fragilidad (p=0,026) y el criterio de lentitud de la marcha (p <0,001). Conclusión: hubo una mayor prevalencia de sueño de mala calidad y trastornos del sueño en mujeresmayores, que no trabajan fuera del hogar, que calificaron su salud como regular o mala, que sufrieron caídas en el último año, que se quejaron de dolor, frágil y lentitud de la marcha.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre sono e aspectos sociodemográficos, de saúde, fragilidade, desempenho em atividades de vida diária, desempenho cognitivo e sintomas depressivos de idosos residentes na comunidade. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com 81 idosos residentes na área de abrangência de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família do município de São Carlos (SP), Brasil. A coleta de dados ocorreu em 2019, mediante a aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: questionário para caracterização socioeconômica e de saúde do idoso, Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh, Fenótipo de Fragilidade proposto por Linda Fried, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Índice de Katz e Escala de Lawton. Os participantes foram divididos em grupos comparativos segundo os escores de qualidade do sono. Foram utilizados Exato de Fisher e χ2 de Pearson. Adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: 50,6% dos idosos apresentaram sono de má qualidade (n=41), seguidos de 33,3% de idosos com sono de boa qualidade (n=27) e 16,1% com distúrbios do sono (n=13). Houve relação entre qualidade do sono e sexo (p=0,008), situação laboral (p=0,001), autoavaliação de saúde (p=0,013), queda (p=0,034), dor (p=0,012), nível de fragilidade (p=0,026) e o critério lentidão da marcha (p<0,001). Conclusão: houve maior prevalência de sono de má qualidade e de distúrbios do sono em mulheres idosas, que não trabalham fora de casa, que avaliaram a sua saúde como regular ou ruim, que sofreram quedas no último ano, que se queixaram de dor, frágeis e com lentidão da marcha.

Associações entre estresse, sintomas depressivos e insônia em idosos / Associations among stress, depressive symptoms, and insomnia in elders

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar associação entre variáveis emocionais (estresse e sintomas depressivos) e o autorrelato de dificuldade para dormir em idosos. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo e de corte transversal com 341 idosos cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de São Carlos - SP, divididos em: (a) grupo sem dificuldade para dormir autorrelatada e (b) grupo com dificuldade para dormir autorrelatada. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram: Ficha de Caracterização do Idoso com Questão Específica de Dificuldade para Dormir Autorrelatada, Escala de Estresse Percebido e Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Resultados: A dificuldade para dormir foi autorrelatada em 47,5% da amostra (n = 162). Os níveis de estresse no grupo de idosos com dificuldade para dormir mostrou-se mais elevado (M = 21,29 pontos) que no grupo sem dificuldade para dormir (M = 15,97) (U = 10034,50; p = 0,010). Os idosos com dificuldade para dormir apresentavam maior número de sintomas depressivos (M = 4,41 pontos) quando comparados aos sem dificuldade para dormir (M = 3,09 pontos) (U = 10427,50, p = 0,000). Conclusão: O estudo observou que idosos que autorrelataram dificuldade para dormir apresentaram níveis de estresse mais elevados e maiores escores na escala de sintomas depressivos, permitindo concluir que há associação entre variáveis emocionais e dificuldade para dormir em idosos.

ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify an association between emotional variables (stress and depressive symptoms) and the self-report of difficulty sleeping in the elderly. Methods: Descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study with 341 elderly people registered in Family Health Units in the city of São Carlos - SP were interviewed, divided into (a) Self-reported group without difficulty and (b) Group with difficulty sleeping self-reported. The instruments for data collection were Characterization Sheet for the Elderly with Specific Question of Difficulty in Self-Reported Sleep, Perceived Stress Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: The difficulty to sleep was self-reported in 47.5% of the sample (n = 162). The stress levels of the elderly group with difficulty sleeping were higher (M = 21.29 points) than in the group without difficulty sleeping (M = 15.97) (U = 10034.50; p = 0.010). In addition, elderly people with difficulty sleeping had a higher number of depressive symptoms (M = 4.41 points) when compared to those without difficulty sleeping (M = 3.09 points) (U = 10427.50, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study observed that elderly people who self-reported difficulty sleeping had higher levels of stress and higher scores on the scale of depressive symptoms, allowing concluding that there is an association between emotional variables and difficulty sleeping in the elderly.

Pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults.

INTRODUCTION: Providing care to an older adult is an activity that requires considerable physical effort and can cause stress and psychological strain, which accentuate factors that trigger the cycle of frailty, especially when the caregiver is also an older adult. However, few studies have analyzed the frailty process in older caregivers. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 328 community-dwelling older caregivers. Frailty was identified using frailty phenotype. Socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical aspects, characteristics related to care and functioning were covariables in the multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty were 58.8% and 21.1%, respectively. An increased age, female sex, not having a conjugal life, depressive symptoms and pain were commonly associated with pre-frailty and frailty. Sedentary lifestyle was exclusively associated with pre-frailty, whereas living in an urban area, low income and the cognitive decline were associated with frailty. A better performance on instrumental activities of daily living reduced the chance of frailty. CONCLUSION: Many factors associated with the frailty syndrome may be related to the act of providing care, which emphasizes the importance of the development of coping strategies for this population.

Elderly caregivers of other elderly living with and without children: burden, optimism and coping strategies.

This article aims to compare level of burden, optimism and coping strategies among elderly caregivers of other elderly individuals who reside with and without children. A cross-sectional study was with a sample of 301 elderly caregivers of elderly Brazilians seen in primary health care. Among the 301 caregivers interviewed, 44 resided with children and 257 did not. Evaluations involved the administration of the Zarit Burden Inventory, Spirituality Scale (optimism) and Coping Strategies Inventory. Either the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the comparisons between the two groups. Burden level was significantly higher among elderly caregivers who resided with children (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found with regard to optimism. Elderly caregivers who did not reside with children reported significantly greater use of coping strategies focused on the expression of negative emotions (p < 0.01), religiosity (p < 0.01) and the inhibition of negative emotions (p = 0.01). The elderly caregivers of other elderly individuals who resided with children had a higher level of burden and used coping strategies less than those who did not reside with children.

Elderly caregivers of other elderly living with and without children: burden, optimism and coping strategies / Idosos cuidadores de outros idosos que residem com e sem crianças: sobrecarga, otimismo e estratégias de enfrentamento

Abstract This article aims to compare level of burden, optimism and coping strategies among elderly caregivers of other elderly individuals who reside with and without children. A cross-sectional study was with a sample of 301 elderly caregivers of elderly Brazilians seen in primary health care. Among the 301 caregivers interviewed, 44 resided with children and 257 did not. Evaluations involved the administration of the Zarit Burden Inventory, Spirituality Scale (optimism) and Coping Strategies Inventory. Either the Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney U-test was used for the comparisons between the two groups. Burden level was significantly higher among elderly caregivers who resided with children (p = 0.01). No significant differences were found with regard to optimism. Elderly caregivers who did not reside with children reported significantly greater use of coping strategies focused on the expression of negative emotions (p < 0.01), religiosity (p < 0.01) and the inhibition of negative emotions (p = 0.01). The elderly caregivers of other elderly individuals who resided with children had a higher level of burden and used coping strategies less than those who did not reside with children.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é comparar o nível de sobrecarga, otimismo e as estratégias de enfrentamento de idosos cuidadores de idosos que residem com e sem crianças. Estudo transversal realizado com amostra de 301 idosos cuidadores cadastrados nas Unidades de Saúde da Família. Foram entrevistados 301 idosos cuidadores, sendo que 257 não residiam com crianças e 44 residiam. Os instrumentos utilizados foram Escala de Sobrecarga de Zarit, Escala de Espiritualidade de Pinto e Pais Ribeiro e Inventário para Avaliação das Estratégias de Enfrentamento. Foram usados o teste T de Student e teste U Mann-Whitney para a comparação entre os dois grupos. O nível de sobrecarga foi significativamente maior nos idosos cuidadores que residiam com crianças (p = 0,01) e não houve diferença significativa para o otimismo. Os idosos cuidadores que não residiam com crianças reportaram o uso significativamente superior de estratégias de enfrentamento focadas em emoções negativas (p < 0,01), religiosidade (p < 0,01) e inibição de emoções negativas (p = 0,01). O nível de sobrecarga foi maior entre os idosos cuidadores que residiam com crianças. Os idosos cuidadores que não tinham crianças no domicílio reportaram maior uso de estratégias focadas na emoção e na religião para enfrentar as demandas do cuidado ao idoso.

Homens homossexuais idosos e de meia-idade nas mídias digitais: autodescrição, apoio social e qualidade de vida / Middle-aged and old-aged homosexual men in digital media: self-description, social support and quality of life

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar os indicadores de qualidade de vida e apoio/suporte social, bem como os descritores do perfil utilizados por homens de meia-idade que buscam e/ou se interessam por relações com o mesmo sexo em plataformas digitais. O desenho metodológico é de natureza quantitativa, descritiva de corte transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário sociodemográfico, o WHOQOL-bref e a Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study (MOS). Os dados foram analisados com auxílio do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS). Os resultados confirmaram que os descritores mais prevalentes foram aqueles que buscaram se desvencilhar de noções que pudessem remeter ao universo da maturidade e velhice fragilizadas, além do reforço às representações hegemônicas de masculinidade. Em relação aos escores totais de apoio social e qualidade de vida, estes apresentaram correlação diretamente proporcional, significativa e de magnitude moderada (rho = 0,609, p<0,001).

Abstract This study aims to identify and analyze the indicators of quality of life and social support, as well as the profile descriptors used by middle-aged men who seek and/or are interested in same-sex relationships on digital platforms. The methodological design was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. The data have been collected through a socio-demographic questionnaire, the WHOQOL-bref and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Scale, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences® (SPSS). The results confirmed that the most prevalent descriptors were those that sought to get rid of notions that could associate maturity and old age with disability and frailty, in addition to strengthening positive and sexualized hegemonic representations of masculinity. In relation to the total scores of social support and quality of life, these showed a directly proportional, significant and moderate correlation (rho=0.609, p<0.001).

Pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Providing care to an older adult is an activity that requires considerable physical effort and can cause stress and psychological strain, which accentuate factors that trigger the cycle of frailty, especially when the caregiver is also an older adult. However, few studies have analyzed the frailty process in older caregivers. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of pre-frailty, frailty and associated factors in older caregivers of older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 328 community-dwelling older caregivers. Frailty was identified using frailty phenotype. Socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical aspects, characteristics related to care and functioning were covariables in the multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty were 58.8% and 21.1%, respectively. An increased age, female sex, not having a conjugal life, depressive symptoms and pain were commonly associated with pre-frailty and frailty. Sedentary lifestyle was exclusively associated with pre-frailty, whereas living in an urban area, low income and the cognitive decline were associated with frailty. A better performance on instrumental activities of daily living reduced the chance of frailty. CONCLUSION Many factors associated with the frailty syndrome may be related to the act of providing care, which emphasizes the importance of the development of coping strategies for this population.

Factors associated with the development of diabetes mellitus in older caregivers.

OBJECTIVE: evaluate the factors associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus in older caregivers. METHOD: this is a cross-sectional study conducted with 326 older caregivers enrolled in Family Health Units. Data were collected using a sociodemographic characterization questionnaire, clinical and care information, and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score to assess the risk of developing diabetes. RESULTS: 35.5% of the caregivers presented a high risk of developing diabetes. The factors associated with the risk of developing diabetes were: use of medication (OR = 3.88), satisfactory or poor health assessment (OR = 1.72), and the fact of being female (OR = 0.48). CONCLUSION: more than one third of older caregivers present high risk of developing diabetes. Therefore, being female, living with other people, using medication, and having a poor health assessment are factors associated with increased risk of developing diabetes.

Pain and sleeping problems in the elderly / Dor e dificuldade para dormir em idosos

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Brazil is going through changes in the sociodemographic profile leading to changes in epidemiological profile and population aging. Considering the increase of the elderly population with chronic noncommunicable disease, and the identification of chronic pain as a public health problem and its persistence associated with the worsening of the quality of sleep, the objective of this study was to identify the association between self-reported sleeping problems and the intensity of chronic pain. METHODS: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted with 187 elderly people living in one of the Family Health Unit areas of the municipality and over 60 years old. A sociodemographic characterization instrument was used with one guiding question about sleeping problems (self-reported) and the Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale. RESULTS: Pain was described as moderate and intense, with a higher prevalence in the lumbar, iliac and knee regions, being significantly more intense (p=0.028) in the group of elderly people who have sleeping problems. CONCLUSION: The analyzes allowed to observe an association between sleeping problems and the intensity of chronic pain.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O Brasil apresenta mudanças no perfil sociodemográfico, acarretando mudanças no perfil epidemiológico e no envelhecimento populacional. Considerando o amento da população idosa com doença crônica não transmissível, e identificada a dor crônica como um problema de saúde pública e sua persistência associada à piora da qualidade do sono, este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a associação entre dificuldade para dormir autorrelatada e a intensidade da dor crônica. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal, composto por 187 idosos com mais de 60 anos, residentes em uma das áreas de Unidade de Saúde da Família do município. Foi utilizado um instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica com uma pergunta norteadora sobre dificuldade para dormir (autorrelatada) e a Escala Multidimensional de Avaliação da Dor. RESULTADOS: A dor foi descrita como moderada e intensa, com maior prevalência nas regiões lombar, ilíaca e joelhos, sendo significativamente mais intensa (p=0,028) no grupo de idosos que tem dificuldade para dormir. CONCLUSÃO: As análises permitiram observar uma associação entre dificuldade para dormir e a intensidade da dor crônica.